Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of digestive enzymes

Question 2

Which structure is responsible for filtering blood, reabsorbing useful substances, and secreting wastes in the urinary system?

Accepted Answer

Kidneys

Question 3

What is the correct order of urine flow from its formation to its exit from the body?

Accepted Answer

Nephron → Collecting duct → Minor calyx → Major calyx → Renal pelvis → Ureters → Urinary bladder → Urethra

Question 4

Which hormone increases the permeability of the collecting duct to water, resulting in increased water reabsorption?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 5

A patient has a blood pressure that falls below the threshold required for glomerular filtration. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Build-up of nitrogenous wastes in the blood

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the process of tubular reabsorption?

Accepted Answer

Selective movement of molecules from renal tubules back into blood

Question 7

Which part of the nephron is primarily responsible for the reabsorption of water, glucose, amino acids, and ions?

Accepted Answer

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 8

Aldosterone acts on which part of the nephron to increase sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion?

Accepted Answer

Distal convoluted tubule

Question 9

Which of the following is a normal component of urine?

Accepted Answer

Urea

Question 10

What is the main driving force for glomerular filtration?

Accepted Answer

Blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries

Question 11

If a patient has a urine output of less than 30 cc/hour, what condition might this indicate?

Accepted Answer

Kidney failure

Question 12

Which structure prevents the backflow of urine from the bladder into the ureters?

Accepted Answer

Flaps of mucosa at the ureteral openings

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

Accepted Answer

It releases renin in response to low blood pressure

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct formula for the total volume of glomerular filtrate produced per day?

Accepted Answer

$$180 \ 	ext{ liters/day}$$

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the differences between male and female urethras?

Accepted Answer

The male urethra has three subdivisions: prostatic, membranous, and penile

Question 16

Which process involves the movement of additional molecules from the blood into the renal tubules, primarily in the distal convoluted tubule?

Accepted Answer

Tubular secretion

Question 17

A patient is dehydrated and has increased secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). What effect will this have on urine volume and concentration?

Accepted Answer

Decreased urine volume, increased concentration

Question 18

Which of the following is a direct effect of aldosterone on the nephron?

Accepted Answer

Increased reabsorption of sodium

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why blood pressure is essential for glomerular filtration?

Accepted Answer

It provides the force necessary to move water and solutes from the glomerulus into the glomerular capsule

Question 20

Which of the following is a normal average pH of urine?

Accepted Answer

$$6.0$$

Urinary System: Structure, Function, and Regulation

Study Guide - Practice Questions