Question 1

Which structural feature of arteries allows them to function as pressure reservoirs in the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

Elastic walls and thick layers of vascular smooth muscle

Question 2

According to Poiseuille’s Law, which change will most dramatically increase blood flow through a vessel?

Accepted Answer

Doubling the vessel radius

Question 3

A patient with atherosclerotic plaque in a coronary artery is at risk for reduced blood flow because:

Accepted Answer

Plaque decreases vessel radius, increasing resistance

Question 4

Which equation best describes the relationship between blood flow ($F$), pressure gradient ($\Delta P$), and resistance ($R$)?

Accepted Answer

$F = \Delta P / R$

Question 5

If arteriolar resistance increases in one organ, what is the most likely effect on blood flow to that organ?

Accepted Answer

Blood flow decreases

Question 6

Which of the following is a primary determinant of total peripheral resistance (TPR) in the systemic circulation?

Accepted Answer

Arteriolar diameter

Question 7

A patient’s blood pressure is measured at 150/95 mmHg. According to clinical guidelines, this patient is classified as:

Accepted Answer

Hypertensive

Question 8

Which vessel type is primarily responsible for the exchange of materials between blood and tissues?

Accepted Answer

Capillaries

Question 9

If the pressure gradient ($\Delta P$) across a vascular bed is 40 mmHg and the resistance ($R$) is 8 mmHg·min/L, what is the blood flow ($F$) in L/min?

Accepted Answer

$F = 5$ L/min

Question 10

Which of the following mechanisms is most likely to increase venous return to the heart?

Accepted Answer

Constriction of venules and veins

Question 11

Which of the following is a consequence of chronic hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of cardiovascular disease

Question 12

Which of the following treatments is commonly used to restore vessel diameter in atherosclerotic vascular disease?

Accepted Answer

Coronary stenting

Question 13

Which factor is most likely to remain constant in determining vascular resistance under normal physiological conditions?

Accepted Answer

Blood vessel length

Question 14

What is the effect of vasodilation on blood flow and resistance in a tissue?

Accepted Answer

Increased blood flow, decreased resistance

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of arterioles in the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

Regulate distribution of blood to tissues by adjusting diameter

Question 16

A patient with essential hypertension is most likely to have which of the following underlying physiological changes?

Accepted Answer

Increased peripheral resistance

Question 17

Which of the following equations correctly represents the pressure gradient ($\Delta P$) driving blood flow?

Accepted Answer

$\Delta P = P_1 - P_2$

Question 18

Which of the following is a direct effect of sympathetic nervous system activation on arteriolar resistance?

Accepted Answer

Vasoconstriction and increased resistance

Question 19

A patient undergoes angioplasty to treat a narrowed artery. What is the expected effect on blood flow through the treated vessel?

Accepted Answer

Blood flow will increase due to decreased resistance

Question 20

Which of the following is a common target for antihypertensive therapy?

Accepted Answer

Reducing total peripheral resistance

Vascular Function and Control of the Peripheral Circulation

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