Which of the following best describes the role of electrostatic catalysis in enzyme reactions?

• A. Enzymes use metal ions to directly interact with substrates.
• B. Enzymes increase the temperature to stabilize the transition state.
• C. Enzymes form covalent bonds with substrates to stabilize the transition state.
• D. Enzymes stabilize charges in the transition state through electrostatic non-covalent interactions.

Answer: (D)