Synthesize the role of membrane-bound electron carriers in maintaining the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

• A. Membrane-bound electron carriers have no impact on electron transport or the proton gradient, as these processes occur independently.
• B. Membrane-bound electron carriers facilitate electron transport and maintain the proton gradient, essential for ATP synthesis.
• C. Membrane-bound electron carriers inhibit electron transport and disrupt the proton gradient, reducing ATP synthesis.
• D. Membrane-bound electron carriers enhance electron transport but have no role in maintaining the proton gradient.

Answer: (B)