How does the rotation of the gamma subunit in ATP synthase lead to ATP synthesis?

• A. It pumps protons across the mitochondrial membrane.
• B. It induces conformational changes in the beta subunits, facilitating ATP synthesis.
• C. It oxidizes NADH to provide energy for ATP synthesis.
• D. It directly binds ADP and inorganic phosphate to form ATP.

Answer: (B)