What is the transmembrane potential (delta psi) primarily responsible for in the diffusion of charged ions across membranes?

A cell membrane has a transmembrane potential of -70 mV and a chemical gradient favoring the influx of Na+ ions. Why is it important to consider both gradients for Na+ diffusion?

If Faraday's constant is expressed as 96,485 C/mol, what is the reciprocal of its unit when raised to the negative one power?

Why is the transmembrane potential crucial for the diffusion of charged ions?

A membrane has a chemical gradient favoring Cl- influx and an electrical gradient favoring Cl- efflux. What is the net effect on Cl- diffusion?

Analyze the impact of ignoring the electrical gradient in the diffusion of Na+ ions across a membrane with a chemical gradient favoring influx.

Calculate the delta G transport for a K+ ion across a membrane with a transmembrane potential of 70 mV. Use Faraday's constant (96,485 C/mol).