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Citric Acid Cycle 2 definitions

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  • Citrate Synthase
    Catalyzes the initial condensation of acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate, driving the citric acid cycle with a highly negative ΔG.
  • Acetyl CoA
    A two-carbon molecule that enters the citric acid cycle, combining with oxaloacetate to form citrate.
  • Oxaloacetate
    A four-carbon molecule that reacts with acetyl CoA to initiate the citric acid cycle, forming citrate.
  • Citrate
    A six-carbon molecule produced from acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate, serving as the first product of the citric acid cycle.
  • Aconitase
    An enzyme containing iron-sulfur clusters, converts citrate to isocitrate and regulates iron metabolism by binding RNA.
  • Isocitrate
    A molecule formed from citrate, which undergoes oxidative decarboxylation to produce α-ketoglutarate.
  • Iron-Sulfur Cluster
    A prosthetic group in aconitase, crucial for catalysis and iron regulation, held by cysteine residues.
  • Prochiral Intermediate
    A molecule that behaves as if it were chiral due to enzyme binding, despite lacking a true chiral center.
  • Ferritin
    A protein produced when iron levels are high, storing excess iron in cells, regulated by aconitase activity.
  • Transferrin
    A protein synthesized when iron is low, responsible for transporting iron in the bloodstream.
  • Isocitrate Dehydrogenase
    Catalyzes oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate, producing NADH and CO₂, and requires manganese as a cofactor.
  • α-Ketoglutarate
    A five-carbon molecule generated from isocitrate, serving as a key intermediate in the citric acid cycle.
  • NADH
    A high-energy electron carrier produced during the citric acid cycle, essential for cellular respiration.
  • Manganese
    A metal ion cofactor required by isocitrate dehydrogenase for catalysis in the citric acid cycle.
  • Oxidative Decarboxylation
    A process in the citric acid cycle where a molecule loses a carbon as CO₂ while being oxidized, producing NADH.