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Citric Acid Cycle Practice 2 definitions

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  • Acetyl CoA
    A two-carbon molecule entering the citric acid cycle, leading to CO2, NADH, FADH2, and GTP production.
  • CO2
    A gaseous byproduct released during the oxidation steps of the citric acid cycle.
  • NADH
    A high-energy electron carrier generated at multiple steps in the citric acid cycle.
  • FADH2
    A reduced coenzyme formed during the citric acid cycle, contributing electrons to the electron transport chain.
  • GTP
    A nucleotide produced via substrate-level phosphorylation in the citric acid cycle, convertible to ATP.
  • Citrate
    A symmetric, prochiral intermediate processed by aconitase in the citric acid cycle.
  • Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
    An enzyme complex resembling pyruvate dehydrogenase, requiring TPP, lipoate, and FAD as cofactors.
  • TPP
    A cofactor essential for decarboxylation reactions in both pyruvate and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complexes.
  • Lipoate
    A coenzyme involved in acyl group transfer within dehydrogenase enzyme complexes.
  • FAD
    A cofactor participating in redox reactions within dehydrogenase enzyme complexes.
  • Aconitase
    An enzyme that processes citrate, treating it as prochiral during the citric acid cycle.
  • Substrate-level phosphorylation
    A process generating GTP directly from GDP and inorganic phosphate in the citric acid cycle.
  • Glyoxylate cycle
    A pathway in plants, fungi, and bacteria enabling conversion of Acetyl CoA to sugars, unlike in humans.
  • Succinate
    A symmetric molecule formed from succinyl CoA during the citric acid cycle.
  • CoA
    A carrier molecule involved in acyl group transfer during metabolic cycles.