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DNA Sequencing 2 definitions

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  • Sanger Sequencing
    A method using dideoxynucleotide triphosphates to terminate DNA synthesis, enabling sequence determination by fragment analysis.
  • Dideoxynucleotide Triphosphate
    A modified nucleotide lacking a 3' hydroxyl group, causing chain termination during DNA synthesis.
  • Gel Electrophoresis
    A technique separating DNA fragments by size as they migrate through a gel matrix under an electric field.
  • Fluorescent Label
    A molecular tag emitting light at specific wavelengths, used for safer and efficient detection of DNA fragments.
  • Capillary Gel Column
    A thin tube filled with gel, used to separate DNA fragments by size during sequencing with automated detection.
  • Pyrosequencing
    A sequencing method detecting DNA incorporation by measuring light from luciferase reacting to ATP produced by pyrophosphate release.
  • Luciferase
    An enzyme generating light in the presence of ATP, enabling detection of nucleotide incorporation in pyrosequencing.
  • Sulfurylase
    An enzyme converting pyrophosphate to ATP, facilitating light production in pyrosequencing.
  • Pyrophosphate
    A molecule released during nucleotide incorporation, triggering ATP formation and subsequent light emission in pyrosequencing.
  • Ion Torrent Sequencing
    A sequencing method detecting DNA incorporation by measuring pH changes from proton release during nucleotide addition.
  • DNA Polymerase
    An enzyme catalyzing the addition of nucleotides to a growing DNA strand during sequencing reactions.
  • Photo Detector
    A device capturing emitted light from fluorescent or luminescent tags to identify DNA fragments during sequencing.
  • Nucleotide Incorporation
    The process of adding a nucleotide to a DNA strand, resulting in release of pyrophosphate or protons.
  • pH Change
    A shift in acidity detected during Ion Torrent sequencing, indicating proton release from nucleotide addition.
  • Fragment Size
    The length of DNA pieces generated during sequencing, used to determine sequence order by separation techniques.