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Fatty Acid Oxidation 2 definitions

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  • Beta Oxidation
    Sequential removal of two-carbon units from fatty acids, producing acetyl-CoA, FADH2, and NADH for energy generation.
  • Unsaturated Fatty Acid
    Molecule with one or more double bonds, often requiring special enzymes for complete breakdown during metabolism.
  • Isomerase
    Enzyme that shifts double bonds to the 2-3 carbon position, enabling normal fatty acid degradation.
  • Cis Double Bond
    Configuration of a double bond that must be rearranged for proper fatty acid breakdown, unlike its trans counterpart.
  • NADPH
    Electron carrier used to reduce complex unsaturated bonds, facilitating further fatty acid processing.
  • Propionyl-CoA
    Three-carbon molecule produced from odd-chain fatty acids, requiring conversion before entering energy pathways.
  • Succinyl-CoA
    Intermediate formed from propionyl-CoA, entering the citric acid cycle for further energy extraction.
  • Citric Acid Cycle
    Central metabolic pathway, also known as Krebs or TCA cycle, where acetyl-CoA is oxidized for ATP production.
  • Palmitic Acid
    Sixteen-carbon saturated fatty acid yielding high ATP amounts through multiple rounds of beta oxidation.
  • FADH2
    Reduced electron carrier generated during fatty acid breakdown, contributing to ATP synthesis in mitochondria.
  • NADH
    Electron carrier produced during fatty acid and citric acid cycle reactions, essential for cellular energy generation.
  • Acetyl-CoA
    Two-carbon molecule produced from fatty acid breakdown, entering the citric acid cycle for further oxidation.
  • ATP
    Primary cellular energy currency generated from fatty acid oxidation and subsequent metabolic cycles.
  • Odd-Chain Fatty Acid
    Fatty acid with an uneven number of carbons, producing propionyl-CoA instead of only acetyl-CoA during breakdown.
  • Electron Carrier
    Molecule such as NADH or FADH2 that transports electrons, enabling ATP production during metabolic processes.