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Fatty Acid Oxidation Practice 2 definitions

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  • Beta Oxidation
    A metabolic pathway that breaks down fatty acids in rounds, producing acetyl CoA and reduced electron carriers.
  • Acetyl CoA
    A two-carbon molecule generated from fatty acid cleavage, entering the citric acid cycle for further energy production.
  • CoA
    A carrier molecule attached to fatty acid intermediates, essential for their activation and subsequent metabolic processing.
  • NADPH
    A reducing agent required to convert certain carbon-carbon double bonds in fatty acids during specific steps of beta oxidation.
  • Double Bond
    A structural feature in fatty acids that influences the need for additional enzymes and affects electron carrier output during oxidation.
  • FADH2
    A reduced electron carrier produced during both beta oxidation and the citric acid cycle, contributing to ATP generation.
  • NADH
    A reduced electron carrier formed in multiple steps of fatty acid breakdown and the citric acid cycle, crucial for ATP synthesis.
  • Citric Acid Cycle
    A central metabolic pathway where acetyl CoA is further processed, yielding additional electron carriers and ATP.
  • Succinyl CoA
    A metabolic intermediate formed from odd-chain fatty acids, whose synthesis requires ATP expenditure.
  • ATP
    The primary energy currency produced from the oxidation of fatty acids and subsequent metabolic pathways.
  • GTP
    A nucleotide generated alongside ATP in the citric acid cycle, contributing to the cell's energy pool.
  • Propanoyl CoA
    A three-carbon intermediate resulting from the final round of beta oxidation of odd-chain fatty acids.
  • Isomerase
    An enzyme that rearranges double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids, facilitating their continued breakdown.
  • Unsaturation
    A characteristic of fatty acids with double bonds, affecting the number of rounds of oxidation and electron carrier output.
  • Electron Carrier
    A molecule such as NADH or FADH2 that transports electrons, playing a key role in cellular energy production.