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Gluconeogenesis 1 definitions

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  • Gluconeogenesis
    Pathway synthesizing glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors, requiring more energy than glycolysis and sharing many enzymes with it.
  • Glycolysis
    Process breaking down glucose into pyruvate, yielding ATP and NADH, and sharing reversible steps with gluconeogenesis.
  • Pyruvate
    Three-carbon molecule produced from glucose in glycolysis and used as a starting material for glucose synthesis in gluconeogenesis.
  • ATP
    Energy currency molecule consumed in gluconeogenesis and produced in glycolysis, essential for cellular metabolic reactions.
  • GTP
    Nucleotide required in gluconeogenesis for glucose synthesis, distinct from ATP but similarly used for energy transfer.
  • NADH
    Electron carrier generated in glycolysis and consumed in gluconeogenesis, crucial for redox reactions in metabolism.
  • Cytosol
    Cellular compartment where both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis occur, housing the necessary enzymes for these pathways.
  • Glycerol
    Fat-derived molecule that can enter gluconeogenesis, unlike fatty acids, serving as a substrate for glucose production.
  • Amino acids
    Building blocks of proteins, most of which can serve as substrates for gluconeogenesis except lysine and leucine.
  • Ketogenic amino acids
    Subset of amino acids contributing only specific carbons to gluconeogenesis, with others forming ketone bodies.
  • Futile cycle
    Situation where glycolysis and gluconeogenesis operate simultaneously, leading to energy waste without net metabolic gain.
  • Regulation
    Mechanism ensuring only one pathway, glycolysis or gluconeogenesis, is active at a time to prevent energy loss.
  • Enzymes
    Proteins catalyzing metabolic reactions, with some shared between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis and others unique to each.
  • Delta G
    Measure of reaction energetics, with highly negative values indicating steps in glycolysis that require unique enzymes in gluconeogenesis.
  • Glucose
    Six-carbon sugar synthesized in gluconeogenesis and broken down in glycolysis, central to cellular energy metabolism.