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Glycogen Metabolism 1 definitions

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  • Glycogen
    Highly branched glucose storage molecule with compact structure, featuring both straight chains and branch points for efficient cellular packing.
  • Alpha 1-4 Glycosidic Linkage
    Bond connecting glucose units in straight chains, forming the backbone of the storage molecule's structure.
  • Alpha 1-6 Glycosidic Bond
    Connection at branch points, allowing the formation of highly branched architecture in the storage molecule.
  • Glycogenin
    Protein at the core of the storage molecule, anchoring initial glucose units to tyrosine residues.
  • UDP Glucose
    Activated glucose donor used in synthesis, providing glucose units for chain elongation and releasing UDP.
  • Non-reducing End
    Site on the storage molecule where chain elongation occurs, facilitating addition of new glucose units.
  • Glycogen Synthase
    Enzyme responsible for elongating glucose chains, utilizing UDP glucose and regulated by phosphorylation.
  • GSK3
    Kinase that phosphorylates and inactivates the enzyme responsible for storage molecule synthesis.
  • Insulin
    Hormone signaling high blood sugar, activating storage molecule synthesis by inhibiting a specific kinase.
  • Protein Phosphatase 1
    Enzyme that activates storage molecule synthesis by removing phosphate groups, stimulated by insulin and glucose 6-phosphate.
  • Glucose 6-Phosphate
    Phosphorylated glucose intermediate that stimulates activation of storage molecule synthesis.
  • Glucagon
    Hormone released during low blood sugar, inhibiting storage molecule synthesis to mobilize glucose.
  • Epinephrine
    Hormone released in response to stress or low blood sugar, inhibiting storage molecule synthesis.
  • Branching Enzyme
    Enzyme transferring sugar subunits to create branch points, forming alpha 1-6 bonds in the storage molecule.
  • Tyrosine Residue
    Amino acid site on the core protein where initial glucose units are attached during storage molecule formation.