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Glycolysis 2 definitions

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  • Hexokinase
    Catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose upon cell entry, initiating glycolysis with an irreversible, energy-consuming step.
  • Glucose 6-phosphate
    A phosphorylated glucose molecule formed immediately after glucose enters the cell, marking the first glycolytic intermediate.
  • Phosphohexose isomerase
    Enzyme responsible for rearranging glucose 6-phosphate into fructose 6-phosphate in a reversible reaction near equilibrium.
  • Fructose 6-phosphate
    A six-carbon sugar produced from glucose 6-phosphate, serving as a substrate for further phosphorylation in glycolysis.
  • Phosphofructokinase
    Key regulatory enzyme that irreversibly phosphorylates fructose 6-phosphate, committing the molecule to glycolytic breakdown.
  • Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
    A doubly phosphorylated fructose molecule, generated after the second ATP investment, ready for cleavage into two three-carbon products.
  • Aldolase
    Enzyme that splits fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into two three-carbon molecules, facilitating the transition to the energy payoff phase.
  • Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
    A three-carbon glycolytic intermediate, also known as G3P, which continues through subsequent steps of glycolysis.
  • Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
    A three-carbon molecule produced alongside G3P, requiring conversion to G3P before proceeding in glycolysis.
  • ATP
    Energy currency molecule consumed during early glycolytic steps to phosphorylate glucose and fructose intermediates.
  • ADP
    Product formed after ATP is used for phosphorylation, indicating energy expenditure in glycolytic reactions.
  • Delta G
    Thermodynamic value indicating reaction spontaneity; highly negative values mark irreversible, commitment steps in glycolysis.
  • Commitment step
    Irreversible glycolytic reaction characterized by significant energy investment, ensuring pathway progression.
  • Metabolic flux
    The rate and direction of substrate movement through glycolytic steps, regulated by enzyme activity and energy investment.