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Practice - Bioenergetics 2 definitions

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  • ATP
    Molecule providing stored chemical energy, essential for releasing myosin heads from actin during muscle contraction.
  • Myosin
    Protein interacting with actin filaments, enabling muscle contraction through energy-dependent release.
  • Actin
    Filamentous protein forming part of muscle fibers, serving as a binding site for myosin heads.
  • Kinetic Energy
    Form of energy resulting from motion, produced during muscle contraction as chemical energy is converted.
  • Redox Reaction
    Process involving electron transfer, fundamental to biological oxidation and reduction events.
  • Electron Transfer
    Essential mechanism in redox reactions, driving changes in oxidation states of molecules.
  • Standard Reduction Potential
    Quantitative measure indicating the tendency of a chemical species to gain electrons under defined conditions.
  • Succinate Dehydrogenase
    Enzyme catalyzing the conversion of succinate to fumarate, linking redox reactions to metabolic pathways.
  • Fumarate
    Metabolite formed from succinate, participating in redox reactions and energy production.
  • FADH2
    Reduced form of FAD, generated during metabolic reactions and serving as an electron carrier.
  • Phosphoenolpyruvate
    High-energy glycolytic intermediate whose hydrolysis is highly exergonic due to tautomerization.
  • Tautomerization
    Chemical process converting enol forms to keto forms, significantly increasing reaction favorability.
  • Gibbs Free Energy
    Thermodynamic quantity determining reaction spontaneity, influenced by equilibrium and metabolite concentrations.
  • Equilibrium Constant
    Ratio expressing the balance between products and reactants at equilibrium, used in free energy calculations.
  • Reaction Spontaneity
    Characteristic describing whether a process occurs naturally, governed by Gibbs free energy changes.