BackZwitterion definitions
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A dipolar molecule with both a positive and negative charge, resulting from acid-base reactions, predominating at physiological pH. Amino Acid
A molecule with a central carbon, amino group, carboxyl group, hydrogen, and R group, forming the basis of proteins. Physiological pH
A pH value around 7, typical of biological systems, where amino acids mainly exist in their zwitterion form. Amino Group
A functional group attached to the alpha carbon, carrying a positive charge when protonated, with a pKa around 9-10.5. Carboxylate Group
A functional group on amino acids, carrying a negative charge when deprotonated, with a pKa near 2. Alpha Carbon
The central carbon atom in amino acids, bonded to the amino group, carboxyl group, hydrogen, and R group. R Group
The variable side chain in amino acids, determining their unique properties and classification. pKa
A quantitative measure of acidic hydrogen strength; higher values indicate weaker acids, crucial for predicting protonation states. Protonated Form
A state where a functional group has gained a hydrogen ion, often resulting in a positive or neutral charge. Deprotonated Form
A state where a functional group has lost a hydrogen ion, often resulting in a negative or neutral charge. Net Charge
The sum of all charges on a molecule, varying with pH and determining the molecule's overall electrical state. Conjugate Acid
The species formed when a base gains a proton, predominating when pH is below the pKa. Conjugate Base
The species formed when an acid loses a proton, predominating when pH is above the pKa. Backbone
The main structural framework of amino acids, consisting of the alpha carbon, amino group, carboxyl group, and hydrogen. Dipolar Molecule
A molecule with two regions of opposite charge, such as the zwitterion form of amino acids at physiological pH.
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