Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH.

Question 2

During glycolysis, which enzyme catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate?

Accepted Answer

Hexokinase

Question 3

Which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($O_2$)

Question 4

If a cell is deprived of oxygen, which metabolic pathway will be primarily used to generate ATP?

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic glycolysis

Question 5

Which of the following is a key regulatory enzyme in glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)

Question 6

A patient presents with muscle weakness and fatigue. Laboratory tests reveal a deficiency in pyruvate kinase. Which step of glycolysis is directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the net reaction of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 2 NAD^+ + 2 ADP + 2 P_i \rightarrow 2 C_3H_4O_3 + 2 NADH + 2 ATP + 2 H_2O + 2 H^+$

Question 8

Which coenzyme is reduced during the conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate in glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

NAD+

Question 9

In the context of enzyme kinetics, which equation describes the Michaelis-Menten relationship?

Accepted Answer

$v = \frac{V_{max}[S]}{K_m + [S]}$

Question 10

A competitive inhibitor of an enzyme will have which effect on the Michaelis constant ($K_m$) and maximum velocity ($V_{max}$)?

Accepted Answer

$K_m$ increases, $V_{max}$ remains unchanged

Question 11

Which of the following statements about NADH and FADH$_2$ is correct?

Accepted Answer

Both donate electrons to the electron transport chain, but NADH donates at Complex I while FADH$_2$ donates at Complex II.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a product of the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 13

A mutation in the gene encoding for phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) would most likely result in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Impaired glycolysis and decreased ATP production

Question 14

Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactate under anaerobic conditions?

Accepted Answer

Lactate dehydrogenase

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why red blood cells rely exclusively on glycolysis for ATP production?

Accepted Answer

They lack mitochondria and cannot perform oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct order of the major steps in glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Glucose phosphorylation, isomerization, cleavage, oxidation, ATP generation

Question 17

Which of the following is a common misconception about enzyme catalysis?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes alter the equilibrium constant ($K_{eq}$) of a reaction.

Question 18

A patient with a deficiency in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is at risk for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Hemolytic anemia due to impaired NADPH production

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

ATP is both consumed and produced during glycolysis.

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct formula for the calculation of enzyme turnover number ($k_{cat}$)?

Accepted Answer

$k_{cat} = \frac{V_{max}}{[E]_{total}}$

Biochemistry Exam Review: Key Topics and Practice Questions

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