Q: Which of the following is the net reaction for glycolysis?

$$\\text{Glucose} + 2 \\text{NAD}^+ + 2 \\text{ADP} + 2 \\text{P}_i \\rightarrow 2 \\text{Pyruvate} + 2 \\text{NADH} + 2 \\text{ATP} + 2 \\text{H}_2O$$

Q: Which of the following is the correct net reaction for gluconeogenesis?

$$2 \\text{Pyruvate} + 4 \\text{ATP} + 2 \\text{GTP} + 2 \\text{NADH} + 6 \\text{H}_2O \\rightarrow \\text{Glucose} + 4 \\text{ADP} + 2 \\text{GDP} + 2 \\text{NAD}^+ + 6 \\text{P}_i + 2 \\text{H}^+$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the effect of introducing cis-double bonds into a fatty acid tail on membrane fluidity?

Accepted Answer

It increases membrane fluidity by disrupting the regular packing of fatty acid tails.

Question 2

Which of the following lipids is primarily responsible for energy storage in animals?

Accepted Answer

Triacylglycerols

Question 3

Arrange the following molecules in order of increasing permeability through a biological membrane: glucose, water, oxygen, sodium ion.

Accepted Answer

Sodium ion \u003c glucose \u003c water \u003c oxygen

Question 4

Which of the following statements about ATP is TRUE regarding its phosphoryl-transfer potential?

Accepted Answer

ATP's phosphoryl-transfer potential is high because of the repulsion between adjacent phosphate groups.

Question 5

Which activated carrier is primarily used in anabolic pathways and carries electrons as hydride ions?

Accepted Answer

NADPH

Question 6

A reaction has a $$\Delta G of$$ $$+5$$ kcal/mol. If it is coupled to ATP hydrolysis ($$\Delta G = -7.3$$ kcal/mol), what is the net $$\Delta G$$ for the combined reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = -2.3$$ kcal/mol

Question 7

Which class of enzyme catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to glucose in the first step of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Transferase

Question 8

Which of the following is a regulated step in glycolysis, and what molecule inhibits the enzyme responsible?

Accepted Answer

Phosphofructokinase is inhibited by ATP.

Question 9

Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes between anabolic and catabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

Catabolic pathways break down molecules to release energy; anabolic pathways build molecules using energy.

Question 10

Which enzyme is responsible for maintaining redox balance after glycolysis in anaerobic conditions?

Accepted Answer

Lactate dehydrogenase

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a component of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Triacylglycerols

Question 12

Which type of transporter moves two different molecules in opposite directions across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

Antiporter

Question 13

Which step is different between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Conversion of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate

Question 14

Which of the following is the net reaction for glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

$$\text{Glucose} + 2 \text{NAD}^+ + 2 \text{ADP} + 2 \text{P}_i \rightarrow 2 \text{Pyruvate} + 2 \text{NADH} + 2 \text{ATP} + 2 \text{H}_2O$$

Question 15

Which molecule is an activated carrier of acyl groups?

Accepted Answer

Coenzyme A (CoA)

Question 16

A patient with a genetic defect in phosphofructokinase would most likely have impaired:

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the effect of cholesterol on membrane fluidity at physiological temperatures?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol decreases membrane fluidity by stabilizing the membrane.

Question 18

Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to glucose during gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate carboxylase

Question 19

Which of the following is a glycolipid?

Accepted Answer

A lipid with a carbohydrate attached to its head group

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct net reaction for gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

$$2 \text{Pyruvate} + 4 \text{ATP} + 2 \text{GTP} + 2 \text{NADH} + 6 \text{H}_2O \rightarrow \text{Glucose} + 4 \text{ADP} + 2 \text{GDP} + 2 \text{NAD}^+ + 6 \text{P}_i + 2 \text{H}^+$$

Biochemistry Study Guide: Lipids, Membranes, and Metabolic Pathways (Chapters 11-12, 15-17)

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