Q: Which of the following statements about mutarotation is correct?

Mutarotation is the interconversion between $$b$$ and $$b$$ anomers of a cyclic sugar, requiring bond breakage at the anomeric carbon.

Question 1

Which of the following is the correct empirical formula for most carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

$$C_nH_{2n}O_n$$

Question 2

Which statement best describes the difference between enantiomers and diastereomers of monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Enantiomers are mirror images and have identical physical properties except for optical activity, while diastereomers are not mirror images and have different physical properties.

Question 3

Which of the following is a reducing sugar?

Accepted Answer

A sugar with a free anomeric carbon not involved in a glycosidic bond

Question 4

Which reaction is responsible for the formation of sugar alcohols from monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Reduction of the carbonyl group to a hydroxyl group

Question 5

In the cyclization of glucose, what is the name of the new chiral center formed?

Accepted Answer

Anomeric carbon

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between an aldose and a ketose?

Accepted Answer

An aldose contains an aldehyde group, while a ketose contains a ketone group.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about mutarotation is correct?

Accepted Answer

Mutarotation is the interconversion between $$b$$ and $$b$$ anomers of a cyclic sugar, requiring bond breakage at the anomeric carbon.

Question 8

Which of the following is true regarding Haworth projections?

Accepted Answer

Down in Haworth projection corresponds to right in Fischer projection.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct description of a glycosidic bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond formed between the anomeric carbon of one monosaccharide and the -OR group of another molecule

Question 10

Which of the following is a homopolymer of glucose with $$b-1$$,4 glycosidic bonds that provides rigidity to plant cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 11

Which of the following is a structural carbohydrate found in the exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans?

Accepted Answer

Chitin

Question 12

Which of the following statements about glycosaminoglycans is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are linear polysaccharides consisting of repeating disaccharide units.

Question 13

Which of the following is true about the branching in amylopectin and glycogen?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen has more frequent branch points (every ~10 residues) than amylopectin (every ~20 residues).

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the formation of phosphoric esters in monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Phosphoric esters are formed by transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to a sugar.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of an amino sugar?

Accepted Answer

A monosaccharide in which a hydroxyl group is replaced by an amine group

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why humans cannot digest cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack enzymes to break $$b-1$$,4 glycosidic bonds in cellulose.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the configuration of the anomeric carbon in cyclic monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

The $$b$$ anomer has the OH group on the anomeric carbon trans to the terminal CH$$_2OH $$group.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of the role of glycoconjugates in cell signaling?

Accepted Answer

Glycoconjugates mediate molecular recognition and cell adhesion, influencing immune responses.

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding the difference between N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

N-linked oligosaccharides are attached to asparagine residues, while O-linked are attached to serine or threonine residues.

Chapter 13: Carbohydrate Structure and Function – Study Notes

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