Question 1

Which of the following best describes a sugar phosphate?

Accepted Answer

A monosaccharide with a phosphate group attached to a carbon atom.

Question 2

Which sugar derivative is a key intermediate in glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

D-glucose-6-phosphate

Question 3

What is the main structural difference between ribose and deoxyribose?

Accepted Answer

Deoxyribose lacks an -OH group at the 2' carbon.

Question 4

Which of the following is a sugar alcohol derived from D-glucose?

Accepted Answer

Sorbitol

Question 5

Which functional group is replaced in an amino sugar?

Accepted Answer

A hydroxyl group is replaced by an amino group.

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct formula for the oxidation of the terminal carbon of glucose to form gluconic acid?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + O_2$ \rightarrow \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_7$}$$

Question 7

Which sugar derivative is a primary building block of DNA?

Accepted Answer

2-deoxyribose

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of sugar phosphates in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

They are intermediates in both carbohydrate catabolism and anabolism.

Question 9

What is the suffix commonly used for sugar alcohols?

Accepted Answer

-itol

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of an uronic acid?

Accepted Answer

D-glucuronic acid

Question 11

Which reaction represents the reduction of D-glucose to a sugar alcohol?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 2H \rightarrow \mathrm{C_6H_{14}O_6$}$$

Question 12

Which of the following statements about deoxy sugars is correct?

Accepted Answer

They have a hydrogen atom in place of a hydroxyl group.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a derivative of monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Triglycerides

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the formation of an aldonic acid?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation of the aldehyde group at C-1 of an aldose.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct classification for D-gluconic acid?

Accepted Answer

Aldonic acid

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct structure for D-glucosamine?

Accepted Answer

D-glucose with an amino group at C-2

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between aldonic, uronic, and aldaric acids?

Accepted Answer

Aldonic acids are oxidized at C-1, uronic at C-6, aldaric at both C-1 and C-6.

Question 18

Which of the following is a common function of amino sugars in biology?

Accepted Answer

They are found in polysaccharides like chitin.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of phosphorylation of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Addition of a phosphate group to the 6th carbon of glucose.

Derivatives of Monosaccharides: Structure, Types, and Biological Roles

Study Guide - Practice Questions