Question 1

Which statement best describes the role of enzymes in chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy, thereby increasing the reaction rate.

Question 2

A reaction has a $$\Delta G = -25 kJ/$$mol. What does this indicate about the reaction?

Accepted Answer

The reaction is exergonic and will proceed spontaneously.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a property that distinguishes enzymes from inorganic catalysts?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are consumed during the reaction.

Question 4

What is the main advantage of immobilizing enzymes in industrial processes?

Accepted Answer

It allows the enzyme to be reused, reducing costs.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of a cofactor in enzymatic reactions?

Accepted Answer

A cofactor is a non-protein chemical group that is essential for enzyme activity.

Question 6

Which of the following equations correctly represents the change in free energy for a reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = G_{products} - G_{substrates}$$

Question 7

A patient with Gaucher's disease lacks functional glucocerebrosidase. What is the biochemical consequence?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of glucocerebroside in cells and organs.

Question 8

Which type of enzyme immobilization involves trapping the enzyme within a porous matrix?

Accepted Answer

Entrapment

Question 9

Why do enzymes lose activity outside their optimal temperature and pH?

Accepted Answer

Enzyme structure is altered, affecting the active site.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about enzyme specificity is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzyme specificity is due to the precise fit of substrate in the active site.

Question 11

In the industrial production of enzymes, what is the purpose of cell harvest and removal?

Accepted Answer

To separate extracellular enzymes from cells and debris.

Question 12

Which enzyme is used to convert glucose to fructose in the food industry?

Accepted Answer

Glucose isomerase

Question 13

A reaction catalyzed by an enzyme has an activation energy ($$E_a) of 50 kJ/$$mol without the enzyme and 20 kJ/mol with the enzyme. What is the effect of the enzyme?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme decreases the activation energy, making the reaction faster.

Question 14

Which of the following is a medical application of enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Using deoxyribonuclease to treat cystic fibrosis by breaking down DNA in mucus.

Question 15

What is the function of penicillin acylase in pharmaceutical manufacturing?

Accepted Answer

It cleaves the side chain from penicillin, allowing synthesis of semi-synthetic penicillins.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are considered biological catalysts?

Accepted Answer

They accelerate reactions without being altered in the process.

Question 17

Which process is used to concentrate enzymes during industrial production?

Accepted Answer

Ultrafiltration

Question 18

A scientist wants to immobilize an enzyme for repeated use in a column. Which method would best allow substrate entry and product exit while retaining the enzyme?

Accepted Answer

Entrapment in porous beads with controlled pore size.

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding the effect of enzymes on reaction equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes do not affect the equilibrium; they only increase the rate at which equilibrium is reached.

Enzymes: Structure, Function, and Applications in Biochemistry

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