Question 1

Which of the following elements is most abundant in living organisms but much less abundant in the Earth's crust?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 2

Why are carbon-to-carbon bonds preferred over silicon-to-silicon bonds in biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon-to-carbon bonds are stronger and provide greater stability to large molecules.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a feature of living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Lack of chemical complexity and microscopic organization

Question 4

Which class of biomolecule is primarily responsible for storing genetic information?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 5

What type of bond holds together the two strands of a DNA double helix?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 6

Which of the following statements about RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

RNA contains an additional hydroxyl group in its sugar compared to DNA.

Question 7

Which biomolecule is most diverse in structure and function, and forms cellular membranes?

Accepted Answer

Lipids

Question 8

In animals, which molecule is the primary storage form of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 9

Which of the following correctly represents the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

Replication → Transcription → Translation

Question 10

During the central dogma, what is the correct order of molecules being synthesized?

Accepted Answer

DNA, RNA, Protein

Question 11

Which of the following is a key difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-enclosed organelles.

Question 12

Which organelle is responsible for generating most of the cell's energy through combustion of fuels?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 13

Which organelle is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 14

Which structure in plant cells stores water, ions, and nutrients and can occupy up to 80% of the cell's volume?

Accepted Answer

Plant vacuole

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the human body is correct?

Accepted Answer

The human body contains both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.

Question 16

Which organelle is responsible for further processing and sorting proteins after they are synthesized in the rough ER?

Accepted Answer

Golgi complex

Question 17

Which process involves the fusion of a secretory granule with the cell membrane to release its contents outside the cell?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Question 18

Which cytoskeletal component is NOT found in prokaryotic cells but is essential for eukaryotic cell structure and function?

Accepted Answer

Actin filaments

Question 19

Which of the following is a trace element essential for life processes, but is present in much lower concentrations than carbon, hydrogen, or oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen

Question 20

A scientist discovers a new cell type with a double-membrane-bound organelle containing the cell's genome. Which organelle is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Essentials of Biochemistry: Introduction and Foundations

Study Guide - Practice Questions