Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the main function of the mitochondrion in an animal cell?

Accepted Answer

It generates ATP through cellular respiration, providing energy for cellular processes.

Question 2

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy in a biochemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = \Delta H - T \Delta S$$

Question 3

Which of the following elements is the most abundant by dry weight in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Carbon

Question 4

A patient is unable to break down hydrogen peroxide efficiently. Which cellular organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 5

Which intermolecular force is primarily responsible for the high boiling point of water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonding

Question 6

Which functional group is present in all amino acids and is essential for peptide bond formation?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($$-COOH)$$

Question 7

Which law explains why the total energy in a closed biological system remains constant?

Accepted Answer

First Law of Thermodynamics

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of nucleic acids in the cell?

Accepted Answer

They store and transmit genetic information.

Question 9

A mutation disrupts the function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell. Which process is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Modification and sorting of proteins for secretion

Question 10

Which of the following is a trace element that has recently been shown to be biologically important?

Accepted Answer

Titanium (Ti)

Question 11

Which of the following intermolecular forces is the weakest?

Accepted Answer

London dispersion force

Question 12

Which class of biomolecules is primarily responsible for catalyzing biochemical reactions in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Question 13

A spontaneous biochemical reaction is characterized by which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G \u003c 0$$

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the hierarchy of cell organization from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Monomeric units → Macromolecules → Supramolecular complexes → Cell and organelles

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of lipids in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Serving as the main source of genetic information

Question 16

Which functional group is characteristic of an alcohol?

Accepted Answer

$$-OH$$

Question 17

Which organelle is responsible for the breakdown of cellular waste and macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why proteins are considered the 'workhorses' of the cell?

Accepted Answer

They catalyze reactions, provide structure, and facilitate transport.

Question 19

Which of the following intermolecular forces is most important for the binding of an enzyme to its substrate?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonding

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of the cell membrane in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the transport of substances into and out of the cell.

Foundations of Biochemistry: The Animal Cell, Biomolecules, and Physical Principles

Study Guide - Practice Questions