Question 1

Which of the following best describes the general formula for most simple carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

$C_nH_{2n}O_n$

Question 2

Which statement correctly distinguishes between aldoses and ketoses?

Accepted Answer

Aldoses have a carbonyl group at the end of the carbon chain, while ketoses have it in the middle.

Question 3

Which of the following is a C-4 epimer of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Galactose

Question 4

What type of isomerism is exhibited by D-glucose and L-glucose?

Accepted Answer

Enantiomerism

Question 5

Which enzyme initiates the digestion of dietary polysaccharides in the mouth?

Accepted Answer

Salivary $\alpha$-amylase

Question 6

Which glycosidic bond is present in lactose?

Accepted Answer

$\beta(1 \rightarrow 4)$

Question 7

Which transporter is responsible for the active absorption of glucose in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

SGLT-1 (Sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1)

Question 8

A patient experiences abdominal cramps and flatulence after consuming milk. Which enzyme deficiency is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Lactase

Question 9

Which of the following is a consequence of undigested carbohydrates reaching the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Osmotic diarrhea due to water being drawn into the lumen

Question 10

Which of the following correctly describes mutarotation?

Accepted Answer

The spontaneous interconversion between $\alpha$ and $\beta$ anomers of a sugar in solution

Question 11

Which of the following is true regarding the absorption of fructose in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Fructose is absorbed via facilitated diffusion by GLUT-5

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing biochemical reactions

Question 13

Which of the following statements about glycosidic bonds is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are formed between the anomeric carbon of one sugar and a hydroxyl group of another

Question 14

Which of the following is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose?

Accepted Answer

Sucrose

Question 15

Which enzyme is responsible for cleaving the $\alpha(1 \rightarrow 2)$ bond in sucrose?

Accepted Answer

Sucrase

Question 16

Which of the following is a polysaccharide found in animal sources and is highly branched?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 17

Which of the following best describes an epimer?

Accepted Answer

Isomers that differ in configuration around one specific carbon atom

Question 18

Which of the following is a common cause of acquired disaccharidase deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Injury to the small intestinal mucosa due to infection or drugs

Question 19

Which of the following is true about the majority of sugars found in humans?

Accepted Answer

They are D-isomers

Question 20

A patient recovering from severe diarrhea is advised to avoid milk and sucrose-containing foods. What is the biochemical basis for this recommendation?

Accepted Answer

Disaccharidase enzymes are rapidly lost from the intestinal mucosa during diarrhea

Introduction to Carbohydrates: Structure, Classification, and Digestion

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