Question 1

Which of the following best describes the structure of an amino acid at neutral pH?

Accepted Answer

A central carbon bonded to a carboxylate ion ($$-COO^-$$), an ammonium ion ($$-NH_3$^+$$), a hydrogen atom, and a unique side chain (R)

Question 2

Which type of bond links amino acid residues together in a polypeptide chain?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Question 3

A protein that acts as a catalyst for biochemical reactions is classified as which type of protein function?

Accepted Answer

Enzyme (Catalytic)

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct description of a polysaccharide?

Accepted Answer

A polymer of sugar (saccharide) monomers

Question 5

Glucose is classified as which type of biomolecule?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharide

Question 6

Which property is characteristic of lipids?

Accepted Answer

Rich in carbon and hydrogen, poor in oxygen, insoluble in water

Question 7

Phospholipids are described as amphipathic molecules. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

They have both hydrophilic (polar) heads and hydrophobic (nonpolar) tails

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in aqueous environments?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophilic heads interact with water, while hydrophobic tails avoid water

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in cells?

Accepted Answer

Energy storage in the form of ATP

Question 10

Which of the following correctly matches the biomolecule with its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acid – nucleotide

Question 11

A mutation changes the amino acid sequence of a protein. Which level of protein structure is directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct representation of the general structure of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A pentose sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group

Question 13

Which of the following is the main energy currency of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 14

Which type of bond connects nucleotides in a nucleic acid polymer?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester bond

Question 15

Which process describes the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism

Question 16

Which organelle is the primary site of ATP generation in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 17

Which of the following statements about fatty acids is correct?

Accepted Answer

They consist of long hydrocarbon chains with a terminal carboxylic acid group

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why glucose is highly soluble in water?

Accepted Answer

It contains multiple hydroxyl ($$-OH) $$groups that form hydrogen bonds with water

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi complex in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Protein modification and sorting

Question 20

Which process allows a macrophage to engulf and digest a bacterium?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Major Biomolecules: Structure, Function, and Cellular Roles

Study Guide - Practice Questions