Question 1

Which of the following best describes a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

A polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketone with three or more carbon atoms

Question 2

Which of the following statements about D- and L- monosaccharides is correct?

Accepted Answer

D- and L- forms are enantiomers, differing at all chiral centers

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct general formula for carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

$C_{n}(H_{2}O)_{n}$

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why glucose is considered a reducing sugar?

Accepted Answer

It contains a free aldehyde group that can be oxidized

Question 5

Which of the following statements about glycosidic linkages is correct?

Accepted Answer

A glycosidic linkage forms when the anomeric carbon of one monosaccharide reacts with a hydroxyl group of another

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct description of an epimer?

Accepted Answer

Two sugars that differ only at one chiral center

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the process of mutarotation?

Accepted Answer

The interconversion between alpha and beta anomers via the open-chain form

Question 8

Which of the following is the most stable and predominant cyclic structure of D-glucose in aqueous solution?

Accepted Answer

$\beta$-D-glucopyranose

Question 9

A patient with a genetic defect in glycosidase enzymes would most likely have difficulty with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolyzing glycosidic linkages in dietary polysaccharides

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why fat cannot be immediately converted into glucose in humans?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acid breakdown does not produce intermediates that can be used for gluconeogenesis

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct statement about the anomeric carbon in a cyclic monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

It is the carbon that was the carbonyl carbon in the linear form

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct example of a constitutional isomer among monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

D-glucose and D-fructose

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between pyranose and furanose forms of monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Pyranose rings have six members, while furanose rings have five

Question 14

A solution of D-glucose is allowed to equilibrate in water. Which of the following best describes the composition of the solution?

Accepted Answer

It contains a mixture of $\alpha$- and $\beta$-D-glucopyranose, with $\beta$ predominating

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about reducing and non-reducing ends in polysaccharides?

Accepted Answer

The reducing end contains a free hemiacetal group capable of acting as a reducing agent

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of carbohydrates in cell surface recognition?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates attached to proteins and lipids serve as molecular 'bar codes' for cell recognition

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct example of an aldose being oxidized to an aldonic acid?

Accepted Answer

D-glucose being converted to D-gluconic acid

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why most naturally occurring monosaccharides are D-sugars?

Accepted Answer

The chiral center farthest from the carbonyl group has the same configuration as D-glyceraldehyde

Question 19

A biochemist is analyzing a disaccharide and finds that it does not react with Benedict's reagent. Which of the following is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

Both anomeric carbons are involved in the glycosidic bond, making it a non-reducing sugar

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the formation of a cyclic hemiacetal in a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

The nucleophilic attack of a hydroxyl group on the carbonyl carbon within the same molecule

Monosaccharides and Carbohydrate Chemistry: Structure, Function, and Isomerism

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