Functional Groups exam Flashcards
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Terms in this set (29)
What is a functional group?
A specific group of atoms that confer reactivity to biomolecules, typically extending from a carbon backbone.
Methyl group
A functional group consisting of a carbon atom covalently bonded to three hydrogen atoms (–CH₃).
What is the structure of a hydroxyl group?
An oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (–OH).
Carbonyl group
A functional group where a carbon atom is double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O).
What is the carboxyl group composed of?
A combination of a carbonyl group and a hydroxyl group (–COOH).
Amino group
A functional group consisting of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms (–NH₂).
What is unique about the phosphate group?
It contains a phosphorus atom (–PO₄).
Sulfhydryl group
A functional group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (–SH).
Where are methyl groups commonly found?
In lipids.
What biomolecules commonly contain hydroxyl groups?
Carbohydrates.
What is the significance of functional groups in biology?
They play crucial roles in the reactivity and function of biomolecules.
How many functional groups are commonly studied in a typical biology course?
Seven.
What does the 'hydro' in hydroxyl group refer to?
The hydrogen atom.
What does the 'oxy' in hydroxyl group refer to?
The oxygen atom.
What is the structure of a carbonyl group?
A carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.
What is the structure of a carboxyl group?
A carbonyl group bonded to a hydroxyl group.
What atom is central to the amino group?
Nitrogen.
What is the structure of a phosphate group?
A phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms.
What does the 'sulf' in sulfhydryl group refer to?
The sulfur atom.
What does the 'hydryl' in sulfhydryl group refer to?
The hydrogen atom.
What is the role of functional groups in biomolecules?
They determine the reactivity and interactions of the biomolecules.
What is the general structure of a functional group?
A specific arrangement of atoms extending from a carbon backbone.
Why is it important to recognize functional groups?
To understand their roles in biological processes and biomolecules.
What is the significance of the carbon backbone in functional groups?
It serves as the main structure from which functional groups extend.
How can you identify a phosphate group?
By the presence of a phosphorus atom.
What is the primary element in the sulfhydryl group?
Sulfur
What is the primary element in the amino group?
Nitrogen
What is the primary element in the hydroxyl group?
Oxygen
What is the primary element in the carbonyl group?
Carbon