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Cell Membrane and Transport in General Biology

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Terms in this set (20)

  • What is a lipid bilayer made of?
    Phospholipids arranged so the hydrophilic heads face out and hydrophobic tails in.
  • Why is the double bond in a fatty acid tail important in a phospholipid?
    It creates a kink that increases membrane fluidity.
  • In the phospholipid bilayer, which way do the hydrophilic heads face?
    They face toward the water inside and outside the cell.
  • How does simple diffusion differ from facilitated diffusion?
    Facilitated diffusion uses transport proteins to help molecules cross the membrane.
  • What defines active transport?
    Movement of molecules using energy, often against a concentration gradient.
  • What is the role of marker, receptor, and transport proteins in the plasma membrane?
    They aid in identification, communication, and molecule transport.
  • Which side is hypertonic in the U-tube experiment with 7% and 10% sucrose solutions?
    Side A with 7% sucrose is hypotonic compared to side B with 10% sucrose.
  • Why is the rough endoplasmic reticulum called 'rough'?
    Because it is covered in ribosomes.
  • What is the primary function of the ribosome?
    Synthesizing proteins.
  • Where are marker proteins found and what is their function?
    Found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; they identify the cell.
  • What is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
    Only prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles.
  • What is the role of transport proteins in the plasma membrane?
    They move molecules across the membrane.
  • What happens to water in a hypertonic solution?
    Water moves out of the cell causing it to shrink.
  • What is facilitated diffusion?
    Movement of substances from low to high concentration using transport proteins without energy.
  • What is the function of receptor proteins in the plasma membrane?
    They receive signals and help the cell respond.
  • What is the role of marker proteins in the plasma membrane?
    They help with cell identification.
  • What is the difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?
    Simple diffusion does not require proteins; facilitated diffusion uses transport proteins.
  • What is the function of the plasma membrane?
    To control movement of substances in and out of the cell.
  • What is the role of receptor proteins?
    They aid in communication and signal reception.
  • What is the role of transport proteins?
    They move molecules across the membrane.