BackExam 5 word back flashcard set
Terms in this set (31)
Denaturation is the process where proteins or nucleic acids lose their structure due to external stress like heat or pH changes.
Epistasis occurs when one gene affects or masks the expression of another gene.
A monohybrid cross is a genetic cross between individuals focusing on one trait.
Joined genes or linked genes are genes located close together on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together.
A test cross is used to determine the genotype of an organism by crossing it with a homozygous recessive individual.
Separating refers to the process during cell division where sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes are pulled apart.
Chromatin is the complex of DNA and proteins that forms chromosomes within the nucleus of a cell.
Sister chromatids are identical copies of a chromosome connected by a centromere.
Parental types are offspring with the same phenotype as the parents, indicating no recombination.
The G2 phase is the second gap phase in the cell cycle where the cell prepares for mitosis.
Meiosis I is the first division in meiosis where homologous chromosomes separate.
Elongation is the stage in DNA replication or transcription where nucleotides are added to the growing strand.
Recombinants are offspring with new combinations of traits different from the parents due to genetic recombination.
The cell plate forms during plant cell cytokinesis to divide the cell into two daughter cells.
Haploid cells contain one set of chromosomes, represented as \(n\).
Y-linked genes are located on the Y chromosome and are passed from father to son.
Binding refers to the attachment of molecules, such as proteins binding to DNA during replication or transcription.
Annealing is the process where complementary DNA strands pair by hydrogen bonding during replication or PCR.
Pleiotropy occurs when one gene influences multiple phenotypic traits.
Incomplete dominance is a genetic situation where the heterozygote shows an intermediate phenotype between the two homozygotes.
Codominance occurs when both alleles in a heterozygote are fully expressed.
Inversion is a chromosomal mutation where a segment of a chromosome is reversed end to end.
Deletion is a mutation involving the loss of a chromosome segment.
Mitosis is the process of nuclear division resulting in two genetically identical daughter cells.
X-linked genes are located on the X chromosome and show distinct inheritance patterns.
Diploid cells contain two sets of chromosomes, represented as \(2n\).
The cleavage furrow is the indentation that begins cytokinesis in animal cells.
The G1 phase is the first gap phase in the cell cycle where the cell grows and prepares for DNA synthesis.
Translocation is a chromosomal abnormality where a segment of one chromosome is transferred to another chromosome.
Meiosis II is the second division in meiosis where sister chromatids separate.
Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes, one from each parent, that are similar in shape and gene content.