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Functional Groups in General Biology

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Terms in this set (15)

  • What is the structure and charge form of the Carboxyl group?
    Structure: R-COOH. Ionized (charged) form: acidic, polar, hydrophilic.
  • Where are Carboxyl groups commonly found?
    In amino acids and bases of nucleic acids.
  • What is the structure and charge form of the Carbonyl group?
    Structure: R-CO-R. Polar and hydrophilic.
  • Where are Carbonyl groups commonly found?
    In amino acids, fatty acids, and other acids.
  • What is the structure and charge form of the Hydroxyl group?
    Structure: R-OH. Polar and hydrophilic.
  • Where are Hydroxyl groups commonly found?
    In sugars, proteins, and bases of nucleic acids.
  • What is the structure and charge form of the Phosphate group?
    Structure: R-PO4. Acidic, polar, hydrophilic.
  • Where are Phosphate groups commonly found?
    In phospholipids in membranes, DNA backbone, ATP, and play an important role in regulation.
  • What is the structure and charge form of the Methyl group?
    Structure: R-CH3. Nonpolar and hydrophobic.
  • Where are Methyl groups commonly found?
    In fatty acid chains and as an imprint on DNA for regulation.
  • Which functional groups are acidic and polar?
    Carboxyl and Phosphate groups are acidic, polar, and hydrophilic.
  • Which functional groups are polar and hydrophilic but not acidic?
    Carbonyl and Hydroxyl groups are polar and hydrophilic but not acidic.
  • Which functional group is nonpolar and hydrophobic?
    The Methyl group is nonpolar and hydrophobic.
  • What role do Phosphate groups play in biological molecules?
    They are part of phospholipids, DNA backbone, ATP, and have an important role in regulation.
  • How do Methyl groups affect DNA?
    They act as an imprint on DNA for regulation.