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Functional Groups in General Biology

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Terms in this set (9)

  • Amino group

    Basic, polar, hydrophilic; found in amino acids and bases of nucleic acid. (R-NH2)

  • Carboxyl group

    Acidic, polar, hydrophilic; found in amino acids, fatty acids, and other acids. (R-COOH)

  • Carbonyl group

    Polar, hydrophilic; found in sugars, proteins, and bases of nucleic acids. (R-CO-R)

  • Hydroxyl group

    Polar, hydrophilic; found in sugars and alcohols. (R-OH)

  • Phosphate group

    Acidic, polar, hydrophilic; found in phospholipids in membranes, DNA backbone, ATP, and plays an important role in regulation. (R-PO4)

  • Methyl group

    Nonpolar, hydrophobic; found in fatty acid chains and imprints on DNA for regulation. (R-CH3)

  • what happens at cellular pH

    At cellular pH, the charged form of acids and bases is more common. (ionized form of acids and bases)

  • Basic group (amino group) behavior in water

    When the uncharged amino group is added to water, it can accept a H+ and become a positive ion.
  • Acidic group behavior in water
    When the uncharged carboxyl or phosphate group is added to water, it can donate a H+ and become a negative ion.