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Fungi + Reproduction

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  • Fungi classification + ecological role

    Heterotrophic eukaryotes, decomposers

  • Mutualists

    Fungi that have a two-way beneficial relationship with another organism

  • Endophytes

    Symbiotes that function with plants

  • Lichens

    Symbiotes that function with photosynthesizers (algae+cyanobacteria)

  • Obligate relationships

    Fungi depend on symbiosis to exist

  • Facultative

    Fungi can participate in symbiosis, not necessary

  • Mycosis

    Fungal infection of animals

  • Cellulose + Lignin

    Two main plant materials fungi are in charge of decomposing, especially compared to other organisms (hard to break down)

  • Carbon benefit of fungi + technical name

    Release trapped carbon from the inside of plants into the atmosphere that would otherwise be unattainable, called saprophytes

  • Yeast

    Unicellular fungi (most are not)

  • Hyphae

    Long filaments of cells surrounded by a rigid cell wall

  • Septa

    Divider between each of the cells in hyphae

  • Chitin

    Cell wall material of hyphae

  • Mycelium

    Entire cluster of a fungus' hyphae

  • Coenocytic fungi

    Fungi that lack septa, rather are made of one long and continuous cytoplasm

  • Extracellular digestion

    How fungi feed, release enzymes into the earth and absorb nutrients that have been broken down

  • Haustoria

    Tips of hyphae that are able to penetrate through the roots of plants

  • Mycorrhizae

    Symbiosis of fungi and the roots of plants

  • Ectomycorrhizae

    Sheets of hyphae exist on the outsides of plants without penetrating

  • Endomycorrhizae (arbuscular)

    Penetration of cortical cells in plant roots

  • Deuteromycetes

    Fungi that only reproduce asexually

  • Fruiting bodies

    Spore-producing structures used in sexual and asexual reproduction

  • Mating types

    Classification of attraction between mate fungi that don't involve sex, over 1000 types for certain species, pheromones used

  • Fertilization

    The fusion of hyphae and nuclei to reproduce (except Chytrids)

  • Plasmogamy

    The fusion of hyphae due to cytoplasm linkages

  • Heterokaryotic

    2+ haploid nuclei that are genetically distinct

  • Dikaryotic

    Cell containing 2 nuclei of the same type simultaneously

  • Karyogamy

    Final stage of reproduction where nuclei fuse and create a zygote

  • Chytrids

    Follow alteration of generations + have gametes

  • Zoospores

    Flagellated spores created during the process of alteration of generations

  • Zygomycete reproduction

    Plasmogamy leads to the formation of zygosporangium, then go into karyogamy

  • Zygosporangium

    Germinates, then ruptures, releasing spores around

  • Sporangiophores

    Asexual reproduction, stalks with sporangia in their tips

  • Basidiomycetes

    reproductive structures of eukaryotic hyphae that have basidia on their ends

  • Basidia

    spore-producing cells where karyogamy occurs

  • Basidiocamp

    fruiting body formed from mycelia reproduction (mushroom head)

  • Ascomycota

    reproductive structure that forms asci on ends

  • Asci

    spore-producing structures that produce 8 haploid spores, go through meiosis and mitosis to get 8

  • Ascospores and ascocarp

    Spores produced in asci, fruiting body

  • Conidia

    spores produced through asexual reproduction that can be used later for sexual reproduction