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General Biology: Exploring Life

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  • What is Biology?

    Biology is the scientific study of life.

  • List the Properties of Life.

    Order, Reproduction, Growth and Development, Response to the Environment, Energy Processing, Regulation, Evolutionary Adaptation.

  • What are the Three Domains of Life?

    Domain Bacteria, Domain Archaea, Domain Eukarya.

  • What is Taxonomy?

    Taxonomy is the branch of biology that classifies organisms and names them using binomial nomenclature (genus and species).

  • Characteristics of Prokaryotic Cells

    Simple, small, lack membrane-enclosed organelles, found in Bacteria and Archaea domains.

  • Characteristics of Eukaryotic Cells

    Larger than prokaryotes, have membrane-enclosed organelles, found in Domain Eukarya.

  • What environments do Domain Archaea inhabit?

    Extreme environments such as high salt (halophiles), heat or acidic pools (thermophiles), and oxygen-free areas (methanogens).

  • Hierarchy of Life from smallest to largest

    Atoms, Molecules, Organelles, Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems, Organism, Population, Community, Ecosystem, Landscape, Biosphere.

  • What are the Five Unifying Themes of Biology?

    Evolution, Flow of Information, Structure and Function, Transfer & Transformation of Energy & Matter, Interactions within & between systems.

  • Define Evolution in biology.

    Evolution is the process of change over generations, defined as descent with modification, driven by natural selection.

  • What is Natural Selection?

    Natural selection is the mechanism of evolution where populations change over time based on traits that increase reproductive success.

  • How is genetic information expressed?

    DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein during gene expression.

  • Explain the relationship between structure and function in biology.

    Structure of biological components correlates with their function, e.g., protein shape determines its role, nerve cell extensions transmit impulses.

  • Describe the flow of energy in an ecosystem.

    Energy enters as sunlight, is converted to chemical energy by producers (autotrophs), passed to consumers (heterotrophs), and exits as heat.

  • What is systems biology?

    Systems biology studies interactions among parts of biological systems to understand complexity within and between ecosystems.

  • What are the main steps of the scientific method?

    Observation, Question, Gather Information, Hypothesis, Experiment, Analyze Results, Conclusion.

  • What is a hypothesis?

    A testable, educated guess stated as an 'If, then' statement to explain a problem or question.

  • Difference between independent and dependent variables in an experiment

    Independent variable is manipulated (cause), dependent variable is the observed effect or response.

  • What is the purpose of a control in an experiment?

    A control is a sample with known features that remains unchanged to provide a basis for comparison.

  • Types of data collected in experiments

    Quantitative data is numerical; qualitative data is descriptive, such as color or behavior.

  • How should data be presented scientifically?

    Data is best presented using graphs with clear titles, labeled axes including units, to summarize results concisely.