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General Biology:CH32 Animal Diversity and Evolution

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  • What are the three types of animal body cavities?

    Coelomates have a true coelom from mesoderm; hemocoel animals have a body cavity and acoelomates lack a body cavity.

  • How do protostome and deuterostome development differ?

    Protostomes have spiral, determinate cleavage; blastopore becomes mouth. Deuterostomes have radial, indeterminate cleavage; blastopore becomes anus.

  • What is bilateral symmetry and its evolutionary significance?

    Bilateral symmetry means having distinct left and right sides, dorsal and ventral surfaces, and anterior and posterior ends.

  • What is cephalization?

    An evolutionary trend toward concentration of nervous and sensory organs, such as a brain.

  • What are the four main types of animal tissues?

    Connective tissue, epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue.

  • What is the fate of the blastopore in protostomes and deuterostomes?
    In protostomes, the blastopore becomes the mouth; in deuterostomes, it becomes the anus.
  • What is the significance of indeterminate cleavage in deuterostomes?
    Each early embryonic cell can develop into a complete embryo, enabling embryonic stem cells and identical twins.