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Lab 9-Cell Division and the Cell Cycle

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Terms in this set (21)

  • Why do cells divide?
    Cells divide for growth, development, repair, and reproduction.
  • What is the cell cycle?
    The cell cycle is a series of events where a newly formed cell grows and divides into two new cells.
  • What are the main stages of the eukaryotic cell cycle?
    G1 (growth and normal function), S (DNA synthesis), G2 (preparation for division), Mitosis, and Cytokinesis.
  • What happens during the G1 phase?
    The newly born cell grows in size and performs its normal functions.
  • What occurs during the S phase?
    The cell's nuclear DNA is replicated by a process called DNA synthesis.
  • What is the role of the G2 phase?
    The cell prepares for division by producing necessary proteins and organelles.
  • Define mitosis.
    Mitosis is the division of the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell, resulting in two genetically identical daughter cells.
  • List the stages of mitosis in order.
    Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.
  • What occurs during prophase?
    Chromosomes condense, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the spindle apparatus forms.
  • What is the key event in metaphase?
    Chromosomes align at the cell equator.
  • Describe anaphase.
    Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.
  • What happens during telophase?
    Nuclear envelopes reform around the separated chromosomes, and the cell prepares for cytokinesis.
  • What is cytokinesis?
    Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm, resulting in two separate daughter cells.
  • What is meiosis?
    Meiosis is a specialized cell division that produces haploid gametes for sexual reproduction.
  • How does meiosis differ from mitosis?
    Meiosis involves two divisions, reduces chromosome number by half, and produces genetically distinct haploid cells.
  • What is a homologous chromosome pair?
    Two chromosomes, one from each parent, that are similar in shape, size, and gene content.
  • Define diploid and haploid cells.
    Diploid cells have two complete sets of chromosomes; haploid cells have one set.
  • What occurs during meiosis I?
    Homologous chromosome pairs separate, producing two haploid daughter cells with duplicated chromosomes.
  • Why is meiosis I called reduction division?
    Because it reduces the chromosome number from diploid to haploid.
  • What happens during meiosis II?
    Sister chromatids separate, resulting in four genetically distinct haploid gametes.
  • Is there an interphase between meiosis I and meiosis II?
    No, there is no interphase between meiosis I and meiosis II.