BackLab 9 Genetics
Terms in this set (14)
Who started studying inheritable traits? What plant did he start observing?
mid-1800's monk named Gregor Mendel gathered evidence about pea plants inheritable traits.
Which two principles of genetics were first coined?
Law of Segregation and the Law of Independent Assortment.
How many copies of genes do gametes have?
One
What are diploids in genetics?
Cells with both sets of genes, one from each parent.
What is meiosis?
A specialized form of cell division where each gene pair is split apart randomly — and independenly of the other genes — so that the resulting gametes (eggs or sperm/ pollen) have a single set of reassorted genes.
What is a haploid in genetics?
A cell that has only one set of genes.
What is an allele?
Alleles code for a slightly different form of a gene.
Example: Mendel described a gene for flower color with the following alleles: "P" for purple and "p" for white.
Also, Alleles retain their identity during gamete production and pollination/mating.
What is a genotype?
The two alleles coded in a gene.
Also, Two alleles (one from each parent) are paired in the offspring; this constitutes the genotype of a trait.
What is a trait?
An inheritable characteristic, visible or not. (need better description)
How is a phenotype determined?
Phenotypes are determined by the interaction of the paired alleles along with the environment. The interaction may be simple or complex.
What is the Law of Segregation?
Paired alleles separate during the formation of gametes.
What is the Law of Independent Assortment?
Each allele segregates independently of the other allele in gamete formation (meiosis).
What is a phenotype?
Outward appearance of a trait.
What is sexual reproduction?
A mode of reproduction involving the fusion of haploid female gamete (egg cell) and haploid male gamete (sperm cell).