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Meiosis/genetics

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Terms in this set (20)

  • What happens when chromosomes don’t separate properly during Anaphase 1 or 2?

    This error in meiosis usually results in fatal outcomes due to incorrect chromosome numbers in daughter cells.

  • What are polyploids?

    Polyploids are new species with multiple sets of chromosomes, more than diploids, such as triploid (3n) or hexaploid (6n).

  • Compare mitosis and meiosis in terms of chromosome number and genetic identity.

    Mitosis produces 2 identical daughter cells with the same chromosome number as the parent. Meiosis produces 4 genetically different cells with half the chromosome number.

  • What is the main genetic difference between mitosis and meiosis?

    Mitosis results in genetically identical cells; meiosis results in genetically diverse cells due to crossing over and halving chromosome number.

  • What is the result of meiosis in plants?

    Meiosis produces spores in plants, which then develop into gametophytes that produce gametes by mitosis.

  • Difference between sexual and asexual reproduction in plants?

    Asexual reproduction uses mitosis producing identical offspring; sexual reproduction uses meiosis producing genetically different gametes.

  • What is the role of spores in plant reproduction?

    Spores are produced by meiosis and grow into gametophytes, which then produce gametes by mitosis.

  • Define alternation of generations in plants.

    Plants alternate between a haploid gametophyte stage producing gametes and a diploid sporophyte stage producing spores.

  • What is the ploidy and function of the gametophyte generation?

    Gametophyte is haploid (n) and produces gametes (sperm and eggs) by mitosis.

  • What is the ploidy and function of the sporophyte generation?

    Sporophyte is diploid (2n) and produces spores by meiosis.

  • What is the purpose of meiosis in the plant life cycle?

    Meiosis reduces chromosome number from diploid to haploid to produce spores for the gametophyte generation.

  • What happens during fertilization in plants?

    Sperm and egg unite to form a diploid zygote, starting the sporophyte generation.

  • How many daughter cells does meiosis produce and what is their chromosome number relative to the parent cell?

    Meiosis produces 4 daughter cells, each with half the chromosome number of the diploid parent cell.

  • How many daughter cells does mitosis produce and what is their chromosome number relative to the parent cell?

    Mitosis produces 2 daughter cells, each genetically identical and with the same chromosome number as the parent cell.

  • What is crossing over and when does it occur?

    Crossing over is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis, increasing genetic diversity.

  • Why are errors in meiosis important in evolution?

    Errors can create new chromosome combinations or polyploid species, contributing to evolutionary diversity, especially in plants.

  • What is a triploid organism?

    A triploid organism has three sets of chromosomes (3n), often resulting from polyploidy.

  • What is a hexaploid organism?

    A hexaploid organism has six sets of chromosomes (6n), a form of polyploidy common in some plants.

  • How does meiosis contribute to genetic variation?

    Meiosis creates genetic variation through chromosome halving and crossing over between homologous chromosomes.

  • What is the relationship between spores and gametes in plants?

    Spores develop into gametophytes, which produce gametes by mitosis; gametes then fuse during fertilization.