$$Motivation = Expectancy \times Instrumentality \times Valence$$

Question 1

According to the Management Journal, what percentage of employees are actively engaged in the workplace?

Accepted Answer

25%

Question 2

Which of the following is a key insight from Gallup’s meta-analysis regarding employee engagement?

Accepted Answer

Companies with highly engaged workforce are 21% more profitable.

Question 3

Which theory focuses on the idea that employees try to maintain equity between their inputs and outputs compared to others in similar positions?

Accepted Answer

Equity Theory

Question 4

In Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, which level is associated with the need for recognition and acknowledgment from others?

Accepted Answer

Esteem

Question 5

According to Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory, which of the following is considered a hygiene factor?

Accepted Answer

Company policies

Question 6

Which of the following best describes Theory X managers according to McGregor?

Accepted Answer

Believe employees avoid work and must be controlled

Question 7

Alderfer’s ERG Theory condenses Maslow’s five needs into which three categories?

Accepted Answer

Existence, Relatedness, Growth

Question 8

McClelland’s Theory of Motivation identifies three needs. Which need is associated with a desire for friendly and close interpersonal relationships?

Accepted Answer

nAFF (Need for Affiliation)

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a step managers should follow to improve employee performance according to Expectancy Theory?

Accepted Answer

Set unclear connection between reward and performance

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement according to Reinforcement Theory?

Accepted Answer

Giving praise for meeting targets

Question 11

A manager wants to increase desired behavior by removing an unpleasant stimulus. What type of reinforcement is this?

Accepted Answer

Negative reinforcement

Question 12

Which of the following is a characteristic of jobs that increases motivation and performance?

Accepted Answer

Skill variety

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a SMART goal criterion?

Accepted Answer

Ambiguous

Question 14

In Vroom’s Expectancy Theory, which formula best represents the relationship between motivation, expectancy, instrumentality, and valence?

Accepted Answer

$$Motivation = Expectancy 	imes Instrumentality 	imes Valence$$

Question 15

A company wants to motivate employees by increasing autonomy and providing feedback. Which motivational strategy are they using?

Accepted Answer

Job Enrichment

Question 16

Which of the following statements about Herzberg’s theory is correct?

Accepted Answer

Motivators are related to the nature of the work itself.

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world application of the Hawthorne Effect?

Accepted Answer

Employees work harder when they know they are being observed.

Question 18

Which cultural context is most likely to value non-verbal communication and context over explicit words?

Accepted Answer

High-context culture

Question 19

Which generation is described as goal-oriented, motivated by promotions, and professional development?

Accepted Answer

Baby Boomers

Question 20

A manager wants to motivate employees by combining a series of tasks into one challenging assignment. Which strategy is being used?

Accepted Answer

Job Enlargement

Motivating People: Theories and Applications in Business

Study Guide - Practice Questions