Question 1

Which of the following best describes the 'fluid mosaic model' of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A dynamic structure with a bilayer of phospholipids in which proteins are embedded and move laterally.

Question 2

Which factor would most likely increase the fluidity of a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in phospholipids.

Question 3

A red blood cell is placed in a solution with a higher concentration of solutes than inside the cell. Which type of transport will most likely occur, and what will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Simple diffusion; the cell will shrink.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy, increasing the rate of a reaction.

Question 5

During glycolysis, what are the net products generated from one molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$2$ ATP, $2$ NADH, and $2$ pyruvate

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why ATP is considered the energy currency of the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP hydrolysis releases energy needed to fuel endergonic reactions.

Question 7

In the electron transport chain (ETC) of cellular respiration, what is the final electron acceptor?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($O_2$)

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis $\rightarrow$ Pyruvate Oxidation $\rightarrow$ Krebs Cycle $\rightarrow$ Electron Transport Chain

Question 9

Which enzyme is responsible for the key regulatory step of glycolysis and is under allosteric control?

Accepted Answer

Phosphofructokinase (PFK)

Question 10

A patient is unable to efficiently transport glucose into their cells, even though glucose is present in the bloodstream. Which membrane protein is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

A carrier protein for facilitated diffusion

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the Calvin Cycle is correct?

Accepted Answer

It occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast and uses ATP and NADPH to fix $CO_2$.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of NADH and FADH$_2$ in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

They are electron carriers that donate electrons to the electron transport chain.

Question 13

Which process is responsible for the majority of ATP production during aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Electron Transport Chain and Chemiosmosis

Question 14

A plant is exposed to a herbicide that inhibits the enzyme Rubisco. Which process will be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

The Calvin Cycle (carbon fixation)

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding photorespiration?

Accepted Answer

It occurs when Rubisco uses $O_2$ instead of $CO_2$ as a substrate.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why C4 plants are more efficient than C3 plants in hot, dry environments?

Accepted Answer

C4 plants store $CO_2$ in bundle sheath cells, reducing photorespiration.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of chemiosmosis in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Movement of protons down their concentration gradient through ATP synthase to produce ATP.

Question 18

A mutation causes a cell to lack functional ATP synthase. Which process will be directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of ATP during oxidative phosphorylation

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

Substrate-level phosphorylation directly transfers a phosphate group to ADP, while oxidative phosphorylation uses a proton gradient to drive ATP synthesis.

Question 20

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that prevents the formation of coenzyme A. Which step of cellular respiration will be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate oxidation to Acetyl-CoA

Cellular Processes: Membranes, Energy, Enzymes, Respiration, and Photosynthesis

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