In a scenario where the proton gradient is disrupted, what would be the immediate effect on ATP production?

• A. ATP production would remain unchanged as it does not rely on the proton gradient.
• B. ATP production would stop completely as ATP synthase becomes inactive.
• C. ATP production would increase as the electron transport chain compensates.
• D. ATP production would decrease significantly due to the lack of energy to drive ATP synthase.

Answer: (D)