How do initiator carcinogens differ from tumor promoters?

• A. Initiator carcinogens prevent cancer, while tumor promoters induce DNA damage.
• B. Initiator carcinogens are proteins, while tumor promoters are viruses.
• C. Initiator carcinogens directly damage DNA, while tumor promoters enhance cancer progression in already mutated cells.
• D. Initiator carcinogens repair DNA, while tumor promoters cause mutations.

Answer: (C)