How are NADPH and ATP formed during the light-dependent reactions, and why are they important for the Calvin cycle?

• A. NADPH is formed by splitting water molecules, and ATP is synthesized by Photosystem I; both are used for oxygen production.
• B. NADPH and ATP are formed by the direct absorption of light energy; they are used for glucose synthesis.
• C. NADPH is formed by electron transfer to NADP+ reductase, and ATP is synthesized via ATP synthase; both are crucial for carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle.
• D. NADPH is formed by plastoquinone, and ATP is synthesized by plastocyanin; both are used for electron transport.

Answer: (C)