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Control of Cell Size definitions

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  • Mitogen
    Extracellular molecule that removes cell cycle inhibitors, enabling progression through G1 and S phases to stimulate division.
  • Growth Factor
    Extracellular signal that enhances protein synthesis and reduces degradation, leading to increased cellular mass.
  • Survival Factor
    Extracellular agent that suppresses apoptosis, ensuring continued cell viability.
  • Apoptosis
    Regulated process of programmed cell death, crucial for removing unnecessary or damaged cells.
  • Cell Proliferation
    Increase in cell number due to repeated rounds of division, distinct from individual cell growth.
  • G1 CDK
    Intracellular enzyme complex activated by mitogens, driving the cell from G1 phase toward DNA synthesis.
  • E2F Transcription Factor
    Protein activated by mitogens and growth factors, promoting gene expression for S phase entry.
  • Retinoblastoma Protein
    Cell cycle regulator that inhibits transcription factors, preventing uncontrolled progression and growth.
  • RAS MAPK Signaling Pathway
    Intracellular cascade that activates transcription factors to support cell growth and division.
  • PI3KAKT Pathway
    Signaling route involved in cell growth, survival, and DNA damage repair by modulating intracellular proteins.
  • Cell Cycle
    Ordered sequence of events enabling cell growth, DNA replication, and division.
  • DNA Damage Repair
    Cellular process that detects and corrects genetic errors, often pausing the cycle to maintain integrity.
  • Cyclin
    Regulatory protein that partners with CDKs to control progression through different cell cycle phases.
  • Inhibitor
    Molecule that blocks cell cycle progression, ensuring division only occurs under proper conditions.
  • S Phase
    Cell cycle stage where DNA synthesis occurs, preparing the cell for division.