Question 1

Which of the following best describes the general formula for carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

$$C_{n}H$$_{2n}$$O_{n}$

Question 2

Which type of bond links monosaccharide subunits in polysaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Glycosidic linkage

Question 3

Which polysaccharide is primarily used for energy storage in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 4

During glycogen synthesis, which nucleotide triphosphate is used to activate glucose?

Accepted Answer

UTP (uridine triphosphate)

Question 5

Which of the following statements about DNA structure is correct?

Accepted Answer

The two strands run in opposite directions (antiparallel)

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains uracil, while RNA contains thymine

Question 7

What type of bond joins nucleotides together in a nucleic acid strand?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester bond

Question 8

Which of the following base pairs is correct for DNA?

Accepted Answer

Guanine pairs with Cytosine

Question 9

A mutation causes a cell to replace all uracil bases in its RNA with thymine. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The RNA will be less reactive and may not function properly in protein synthesis

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why cellulose is a good structural molecule in plants?

Accepted Answer

Its parallel strands are held together by hydrogen bonds, providing rigidity

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct description of the directionality of nucleic acid synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids are synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction

Question 12

A scientist is studying a new macromolecule that contains the elements C, H, and O in a 1:2:1 ratio. Which class of biological macromolecule is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of nucleic acids in cells?

Accepted Answer

Store, transmit, and express genetic information

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference in sugar structure between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose, which lacks an oxygen atom at the 2' carbon compared to ribose in RNA

Question 15

Which of the following scenarios would most likely disrupt the double-helix structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Replacing all cytosine bases with uracil

Question 16

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that affects the enzyme glycogen synthase. Which process will be directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of glycogen from glucose

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why RNA is generally more reactive than DNA?

Accepted Answer

RNA contains ribose, which has a hydroxyl group at the 2' carbon

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a purine and a pyrimidine in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine and Thymine

Question 19

A researcher is analyzing a nucleic acid and finds that it contains uracil, ribose, and is single-stranded. Which type of molecule is this?

Accepted Answer

RNA

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of phosphodiester bonds in nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

They link the 3' carbon of one nucleotide to the 5' carbon of the next nucleotide

Biological Macromolecules: Carbohydrates and Nucleic Acids

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