Q: Which of the following chemical equations represents the dissociation of a salt?

$$\text{NaCl} \rightarrow \text{Na}^+ + \text{Cl}^-$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between kinetic energy and potential energy in a biological context?

Accepted Answer

Kinetic energy is the energy of movement, such as muscle contraction, while potential energy is stored energy, such as in ATP molecules.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of thermal energy in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The heat produced during cellular respiration.

Question 3

Which property of water allows small insects to walk on its surface, and what is the molecular basis for this property?

Accepted Answer

Surface tension; water molecules are held together at the surface by strong hydrogen bonds.

Question 4

Water has a high heat capacity. Which equation best represents the relationship between heat capacity ($$C$$), mass ($$m$$), temperature change ($$\Delta T$$), and heat added ($$q$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$q = C \cdot m \cdot \Delta T$$

Question 5

Which scenario best illustrates evaporative cooling in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Sweat evaporates from the skin, removing heat and lowering body temperature.

Question 6

A solution is made by dissolving 2 moles of NaCl in 1 liter of water. What is the molarity ($$M) of $$the solution?

Accepted Answer

$$M = 2 	ext{ mol/L}$$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes a buffer's function in the body?

Accepted Answer

Buffers maintain pH by neutralizing acids and bases, often using weak acids and bases.

Question 8

If the pH of a solution changes from 7 to 5, how many times more acidic is the solution?

Accepted Answer

100 times more acidic

Question 9

Which of the following chemical equations represents the dissociation of a salt?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{NaCl} ightarrow 	ext{Na}^+ + 	ext{Cl}^-$$

Question 10

Which term describes a mixture where particles are large enough to settle out over time, such as blood cells in plasma?

Accepted Answer

Suspension

Question 11

Which property distinguishes lipids from carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are hydrophobic and insoluble in water, while carbohydrates are hydrophilic and soluble.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have only single bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.

Question 13

Trans-fats are produced by hydrogenation. Why are trans-fats considered undesirable in the human diet?

Accepted Answer

Trans-fats increase LDL cholesterol and risk of heart disease.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Forming structural components of cell membranes

Question 15

Which equation best represents dehydration synthesis, the process by which monomers are joined to form polymers?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Monomer}_1 + 	ext{Monomer}_2 ightarrow 	ext{Polymer} + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O}$$

Question 16

How many covalent bonds can a carbon atom form, and why is this significant for biomolecules?

Accepted Answer

Four; this allows carbon to form complex and diverse structures such as chains and rings.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the relationship between glycogen and glucose?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen is a polysaccharide made of many glucose monomers linked together.

Question 18

Sickle cell anemia is caused by a change in which level of protein structure, and what does this illustrate about protein function?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure; a single amino acid change can alter protein function.

Question 19

Which term describes the region of an enzyme where the substrate binds and the reaction occurs?

Accepted Answer

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