Question 1

Which of the following structures is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 2

A scientist discovers a single-celled organism living in a hot spring with no nucleus, but with unique membrane lipids. To which group does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the nucleolus?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and assembles ribosome subunits.

Question 4

A cell is observed to have extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). Which of the following is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of large amounts of proteins for export

Question 5

Which of the following best explains the difference between the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER has ribosomes attached to its surface, while smooth ER does not.

Question 6

A mutation causes a cell to lack functional lysosomes. Which of the following would most likely result from this mutation?

Accepted Answer

The cell would accumulate undigested macromolecules.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the extracellular matrix (ECM) is correct?

Accepted Answer

The ECM provides structural support and helps cells communicate with each other.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between pectin and collagen?

Accepted Answer

Pectin is a carbohydrate found in plant cell walls, while collagen is a protein found in animal ECM.

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of peroxisomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification of hydrogen peroxide

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails

Question 11

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and swells until it bursts. Which of the following best describes the solution?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why cholesterol is important in animal cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

It maintains membrane fluidity and rigidity across temperature changes.

Question 13

Which of the following is true about the sodium-potassium pump ($$\mathrm{Na^+/K^+}$$ pump)?

Accepted Answer

It requires ATP to function and moves 3 $$\mathrm{Na^+}$$ out and 2 $$\mathrm{K^+} in $$per cycle.

Question 14

Which of the following best distinguishes between phagocytosis and pinocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis involves the uptake of large solid particles, while pinocytosis involves the uptake of fluids and dissolved substances.

Question 15

A plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. Predict the net movement of water and the likely outcome for the cell.

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell, causing plasmolysis.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of glycoproteins in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

They function as cell markers for cell recognition.

Question 17

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole. Which of the following is most likely true about this cell?

Accepted Answer

It is a plant cell involved in storage and maintaining turgor pressure.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why cells are generally small in size?

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio, facilitating efficient diffusion of materials.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles

Question 20

A cell is placed in an isotonic solution. Which of the following best describes the net movement of water?

Accepted Answer

There is no net movement of water across the membrane.

Cell Biology Study Guide: Chapters 4 & 5 (Cell Structure and Membrane Function)

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards