Question 1

Which of the following structures is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 2

A scientist discovers a single-celled organism with no membrane-bound organelles, but with a cell wall and circular DNA. Which group does this organism most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the nucleolus?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and assembles ribosome subunits.

Question 4

A mutation causes a cell to lack functional rough endoplasmic reticulum. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of membrane-bound proteins

Question 5

Which of the following best explains the difference between the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis, while rough ER has ribosomes and is involved in protein synthesis.

Question 6

A plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. Predict the net movement of water and the likely outcome for the cell.

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell, causing plasmolysis.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about lysosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that break down macromolecules.

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and mediating cell signaling

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between pectin and collagen?

Accepted Answer

Pectin is a polysaccharide found in plant cell walls, while collagen is a protein found in animal extracellular matrix.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct statement about the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

It moves 3 Na$$^+$$ ions out of the cell and 2 K$$^+$$ ions into the cell using ATP.

Question 12

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and begins to swell and eventually bursts. Which term best describes the solution?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It modulates membrane fluidity and stability.

Question 14

Which of the following is true about membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Channel proteins facilitate the passive movement of specific molecules across the membrane.

Question 15

Which process requires energy input from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 16

A cell is observed to engulf large particles by wrapping its plasma membrane around them and forming a vesicle. Which process is being described?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 17

Which of the following statements about diffusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Question 18

A cell with a defective peroxisome would have difficulty performing which of the following functions?

Accepted Answer

Breaking down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why cells are generally small in size?

Accepted Answer

A small size increases the surface area-to-volume ratio, facilitating efficient diffusion of materials.

Question 20

A researcher adds a dye to one side of a semi-permeable membrane. Over time, the dye molecules move across the membrane until they are evenly distributed. Which principle does this scenario best illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion

Cell Biology Study Guide: Chapters 4 & 5 (Cell Structure and Membrane Function)

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards