Question 1

Which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle is primarily responsible for the replication of DNA?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 2

During which checkpoint in the cell cycle is the integrity of DNA replication assessed by repair enzymes before the cell proceeds to mitosis?

Accepted Answer

G\_2 checkpoint

Question 3

A scientist observes a cell with replicated centrioles, a visible nucleolus, and chromatin that has been duplicated. Which phase of the cell cycle is this cell most likely in?

Accepted Answer

G\_2 phase

Question 4

Which equation best represents the number of DNA molecules present in a human somatic cell after the S phase, assuming the cell started with $n$ chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

$2n$

Question 5

In prokaryotic cell division, which of the following is TRUE regarding the process of binary fission?

Accepted Answer

Two genetically identical daughter cells are produced

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of checkpoints in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

They regulate the cell cycle by providing stop and go-ahead signals

Question 7

A mutation disables the G\_1 checkpoint in a population of cells. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Cells may proceed to S phase without proper growth or environmental conditions

Question 8

Which of the following is a key difference between mitosis and meiosis in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells, while meiosis produces gametes that fuse to form a zygote

Question 9

If a cell fails the DNA synthesis (G\_2) checkpoint, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Repair enzymes will attempt to fix the DNA before mitosis is triggered

Question 10

Which stage of the cell cycle is characterized by the synthesis of organelles and proteins necessary for cell division?

Accepted Answer

G\_2 phase

Question 11

A patient’s cells are observed to have a high proportion in G\_0 phase. What does this indicate about the cells?

Accepted Answer

They are in a quiescent state and not actively progressing through the cell cycle

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells have more complex chromosome organization than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have several linear chromosomes with much more DNA

Question 13

Which phase of the cell cycle immediately follows the completion of DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

G\_2 phase

Question 14

During which phase of the cell cycle does the division of the cytoplasm occur?

Accepted Answer

C phase (cytokinesis)

Question 15

A researcher is studying a population of bacteria that divides every 15 minutes. If the initial population is $N_0$, what is the population after $t$ minutes, assuming binary fission and no cell death?

Accepted Answer

$N_0 	imes 2^{t/15}$

Question 16

Which of the following events occurs during the S phase of interphase?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes are replicated

Question 17

If a cell is unable to synthesize centrioles during G\_2 phase, what is the most likely consequence during cell division?

Accepted Answer

The cell may fail to properly organize the mitotic spindle, leading to errors in chromosome segregation

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the relationship between interphase and mitosis in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

Interphase prepares the cell for mitosis by allowing growth and DNA replication

Question 19

A cell is observed to have replicated DNA, synthesized organelles, and is preparing for division. Which sequence of cell cycle phases has this cell most likely completed?

Accepted Answer

G\_1 → S → G\_2

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the function of the mitosis checkpoint?

Accepted Answer

It verifies that chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle before proceeding to cytokinesis

15-Cell Cycle and Cell Division: Structure, Phases, and Regulation

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