Question 1

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria have a double membrane?

Accepted Answer

The double membrane creates distinct compartments for different metabolic reactions, such as the electron transport chain and the Krebs cycle.

Question 2

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, a cell wall, and chloroplasts. Which type of organism does this cell most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Plant

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for packaging and modifying newly synthesized proteins for trafficking within the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi complex

Question 4

A mutation causes a cell to lack ribosomes. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes digest macromolecules and play a role in programmed cell death (apoptosis).

Question 6

Which structure is associated with membrane-bound ribosomes and is involved in the compartmentalization of cells and protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 7

A scientist measures the surface area and volume of a spherical cell. If the cell's radius doubles, how does the surface area to volume ratio change?

Accepted Answer

It decreases.

Question 8

Which of the following is a direct consequence of a cell having a low surface area to volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

Decreased rate of metabolic waste removal.

Question 9

Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes and is involved in the breakdown of cellular waste?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the endomembrane system is correct?

Accepted Answer

It consists of a group of membrane-bound organelles that work together to modify, package, and transport lipids and proteins.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains the role of the cristae in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Cristae increase the surface area for ATP synthesis during cellular respiration.

Question 12

Which organelle is found in plant cells but not in animal cells and is responsible for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the contractile vacuole in freshwater protists?

Accepted Answer

Regulating water balance by expelling excess water from the cell

Question 14

Which statement best describes the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Accepted Answer

It functions in the detoxification of cells and lipid synthesis.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a component of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 16

Which of the following best explains how the structure of the chloroplast aids its function?

Accepted Answer

The internal thylakoid membranes increase surface area for light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.

Question 17

Which organelle is responsible for maintaining turgor pressure in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Central vacuole

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct match between organelle and function?

Accepted Answer

Golgi complex – packaging and modifying proteins

Question 19

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is true?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and protein.

Question 20

Which of the following organelles is involved in both the synthesis and transport of proteins within the cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Cell Structure and Function: Study Notes for College Cell Biology

Study Guide - Practice Questions