Q: According to the central dogma of molecular biology, which sequence correctly represents the flow of genetic information?

$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cells are limited in size by the surface area to volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

As cells increase in size, their volume increases faster than their surface area, making it difficult to efficiently exchange materials with the environment.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a feature shared by all cells?

Accepted Answer

A nucleus

Question 3

According to the central dogma of molecular biology, which sequence correctly represents the flow of genetic information?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 4

Which experiment provided evidence that organic molecules could form under prebiotic Earth conditions?

Accepted Answer

The Miller-Urey experiment

Question 5

Which of the following statements about ribozymes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Ribozymes are RNA molecules with catalytic activity.

Question 6

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have multiple linear DNA molecules.

Question 7

Which structure is responsible for the synthesis of proteins in all cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria originated as free-living bacteria that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.

Question 9

Which of the following external structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 10

A scientist observes a cell with a cell wall composed of peptidoglycan, no nucleus, and a single circular DNA molecule. This cell is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Bacterial cell

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT considered a living organism according to the cell theory?

Accepted Answer

Viruses

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells can grow larger than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain internal membranes that compartmentalize functions and increase efficiency.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell communication and structural support

Question 14

Which of the following statements about viruses is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Viruses are non-cellular infectious particles that require a host cell for replication.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct pairing of cell wall composition and organism type?

Accepted Answer

Peptidoglycan – Bacteria

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of gap junctions in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

They allow direct communication between the cytoplasm of adjacent cells.

Question 17

Which of the following is a plausible explanation for why mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own DNA?

Accepted Answer

They originated from free-living prokaryotes through endosymbiosis.

Question 18

Which of the following is a unique feature of archaeal cell membranes compared to bacterial and eukaryotic membranes?

Accepted Answer

Glycerol-1-phosphate linkage in membrane lipids

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of abiotic polymerization in the origin of life?

Accepted Answer

The assembly of simple organic molecules into macromolecules such as nucleic acids and proteins without biological catalysts

Question 20

A scientist is studying a newly discovered infectious particle that consists solely of a short strand of circular RNA with no protein coat. This particle is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Viroid

Cells and Organelles: Structure, Origin, and Diversity

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